什么是系动词英语 什么是系动词
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定义
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系动词亦称联系动词(Link Verb),作为系动词,它本身有词义,但不能单独用作谓语,后边必须跟表语(亦称补语),构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。
说明:
有些系动词又是实义动词,该动词表达实义时,有词义,可单独作谓语,例如:
He fell ill yesterday.
他昨天病了。(fell是系动词,后跟补足语,说明主语情况。)
He fell off the ladder.
他从梯子上摔下来。fell是实义动词,单独作谓语。
分类
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1)状态系动词
用来表示主语状态,只有be一词,例如:
He is a teacher. 他是一名教师。(is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。)
2)持续系动词
用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如:
He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。
This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。
3)表像系动词
用来表示"看起来像"这一概念,主要有seem, appear, look, 例如:
He looks tired. 他看起来很累。
He seems (to be) very sad. 他看起来很伤心。
4)感官系动词
感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如:
This kind of cloth feels very soft.
这种布手感很软。
This flower smells very sweet.
这朵花闻起来很香。
5)变化系动词
这些系动词表示主语变成什么样,变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run.
例如:
He became mad after that. 自那之后,他疯了。
She grew rich within a short time. 她没多长时间就富了。
6)终止系动词
表示主语已终止动作,主要有prove, turn out, 表达"证实","变成"之意,例如:
The rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假。
The search proved difficult. 搜查证实很难。
His plan turned out a success. 他的计划终于成功了。(turn out表终止性结果)
注意事项
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系动词本身有一定的词义,不能单独作谓语,后面必须与表语连用。复习系动词时,必须注意以下几个问题:
1. be是最重要的系动词,主语不同,be的形式也不同,且有时态的变化。
通常表示主语的特征、状态和身份等,后面接形容词、副词、名词、介词短语、不定式、v-ing、过去分词及表语从句作表语。
特别要注意“由be+过去分词”所构成的系表结构与“由be+过去分词”所构成的被动语态的区别。
前者侧重于表示主语的特征或所处的状态,通常没有由by引导的介词短语。
如:The door was closed.
后者侧重于强调主语是谓语动词所示动作的承受者,表示动作;句中可以用由by引导的介词短语。如:The door was closed by me.
还要注意“由be+ V-ing所构成的系表结构与“由be+ V-ing”所构成的进行时态的区别。
前者侧重于说明主语具有的特征或存在的状态,也可说明主语是什么。如:My job is teaching English.
后者侧重于强调主语正在做某事。如:Mr Wang is reading an evening paper now.
2. 要注意由行为动词转化成的系动词。
表示人体感官的系动词有sound,taste,look,feel,smell等,后面接形容词;
表示主语从一种状态转变到另一种状态的系动词有become,get,go,turn,run,grow,come,fall,prove等,后面接形容词、名词或 to be+形容词,become后面接单数名词时,名词前要用不定冠词,turn后面接单数名词时,名词前不用不定冠词;
表示主语继续或保持某种身份、特征或状态的系动词有continue,keep,remain,stay,stand lie,rest,stay等,后面接表示状态的形容词;
表示判断的系动词有seem和appear,后面接形容词、to be+名词或形容词、that-clause、不定式等。
3. 要注意系动词的固定搭配。常见的有come true, fall asleep, fall ill, go bad, come right, run wild, wear thin, turn nasty等。
4. 要特别注意某些动词既可以做系动词,又可以做实意动词的用法。
系动词部分主要注意:其后要求接形容词,而不是副词做表语。遇到这种情况,只能先根据其意思判断清楚到底是前者还是后者,然后再对后面的词性和词义做出正确判断和选择。以taste一词为例:
The newly-invented soft drinking tastes quite unique.(这种新研制的软饮料尝起来挺独特的。注意:在这句话里,taste做系动词,不能使用进行时,后面接形容词。)
The chef is tasting the fish carefully.(厨师长正在品尝这道鱼。注意:在这句话中,taste做实意动词,可以使用进行时,并且后面接副词做状语。)
专项训练
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1. —What is Mr Wang like?
—____.
A. He is a teacher B. He is old and kind C. He looks like a balloon D. He likes English
2. What Mr White said sounds____.
A. friendly B. wonderfully C. pleasantly D. nicely
3. The poor boy ____ blind at the age of three.
A. turned B. goes C. became D. went
4. When he was a child he____ .
A. grew patience B. was alive C. ran wild D. came true
5. His voice____ as if he has a cold.
A. sounds B. listens C. hears D. seems
6. This shirt___ as if it is made of cotton.
A. is B. looks C. feels D. seems
7. He looks ___ he hadn’t had a good meal for a month
A. that B. as if C. when D. so far
8. It ____that he was late for the train.
A. looks B. turns C. gets D. seems
9. These apples taste_____.
A. to he good B. to be well C. well D. good
10. —Do you like the shirt?
—Yes, it ____ very soft.
A. feels B. felt C. is feeling D. is felt
11. The moment Mr Zhang went to bed, he____ asleep
A. kept B. got C. fell D. fall
12. When I went home yesterday, it was ____ dark.
A. going B. getting C. running D. coming
13. Their plan ____ to be a perfect one.
A. proved B. was proved C. is proving D. proving
14. The flowers in the garden ____ sweet.
A. sound B. taste C. become D. smell
15. She____ like her mother in character.
A. looks B. seems C. is D. feels
16. It____ another fine day tomorrow.
A. seems B. promises C. appears D. looks
17. He ____ much younger than he really is.
A. appears B. grows C. becomes D. turns
18. You____ very pale. Do you feel sick?
A. looked B. are looking C. looking D. are looked
19. His wish to become a driver has ____true.
A. turned B. realized C. come D. grown
20. Her father ____a writer.
A. turned B. grew C. has turned D. has become
答案与分析
1. B What’s...like?是询问人或事物的性质特征情况的交际用语,答语中常含有说明性质特征情况的形容词。
2. A sound表示“听起来”,后面接形容词作表语,答案B、C、D均为副词。
3. D若人或事物的情况变化是永久性的或难以扭转的坏变化时,用系动词go表示。
4. C run wild是固定搭配,表示“放荡不羁”。
5. A sound表示“听起来”,后面接as if 引导的表语从句,表示对主语所表示的特征、状态或性质作出的反应及判断。
6. C feel作系动词用时,表示“(东西)摸上去令人有某种感觉”。
7. B as if引导表语从句时,从句谓语动作发生在主句谓语动作之前,从句谓语用过去完成式。
8. D “ It seems that…” 表示“看起来……”。是固定句型,强调根据一定的事实所得出的一种接近于实际情况的判断。
9. D taste表示“尝起来”时,是系动词,后面接形容词作表语。
10. A feel表示“(某物)摸上去(令人)有某种感觉”时,是系动词,用于一般现在时。
11. C fall asleep表示“入睡”,是固定搭配,根据题意,应用过去时。
12. B get表示“逐渐……起来”、“开始……起来”时,是系动词,多用于进行时。
13. A prove表示“证明是”时,是系动词。
14. D smell表示“有……的气味”、“散发气味”时,是系动词,后面接形容词。
15. C belike表示“看起来像”时,既可指外貌,又可指品质和特征,侧重于特征。
16. B promise表示“有……的可能”、“给人以……的指望”时,是系动词,后面接名词作表语。
17. A appear表示“看起来”时,是系动词。侧重于在外表给人某种印象,常为“假象”。
18. B look表示“显得”、“看起来”时,是系动词,后面接形容词作表语,用进行时态,常带有感情色彩。
19. C come true是固定搭配,表示“实现”,其中come是系动词,表示“成为”、“变得”。
20. D become表示“变成”,作系动词用,在后面作表语的名词前要加a或an。turn后跟可数名词单数要去掉a(n)。
本文到此讲解完毕了,希望对大家有帮助。