大家好，我是小十，我来为大家解答以上问题。gradual，permissive很多人还不知道，现在让我们一起来看看吧！

1、Hannington et al. (Geology, 2011)原文如下：“To estimate the abundance of seafloor massive sulfide in the neovolcanic zones of the global oceans, we examined deposit densities in 32 control areas of roughly equal size (5° of latitude by 5° of longitude) containing 129 occurrences (Table DR2 in the GSA Data Repository1). The areas were chosen to represent permissive geology throughout the oceans and include ～7200 km of ridge and 2800 km of arc and backarc spreading centers.”以上的“permissive geology”用法非常特殊，不读原文，肯定看不懂。

2、这里“permissive geology“特指”可以产生（大规模硫化物）的地质条件“。

本文到此讲解完毕了，希望对大家有帮助。